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''Peanut mottle virus'' (PeMoV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family ''Potyviridae''. As with other members of this virus family, PeMoV is a flexuous filamentous virus with particles 740-750 nm long. It is transmitted by several species of aphids and by mechanical inoculation. It was first given its name in 1965 when it was isolated from peanuts (''Arachis hypogaea'') in Georgia, USA. This virus was found to be seed transmitted in this host.〔Kuhn, C.W. (1965) Symptomalogy, Host Range, and Effect on Yield of a Seed-Transmitted Peanut Virus.Phytopathology 55:880-884.〕 Besides peanuts, this virus is known to infect soybeans (''Glycine max''), French beans (''Phaseolus vulgaris''), peas (''Pisum sativum''), and various weed species of ''Cassia''. Since 1964 it has been identified in East Arica and north-east Australia (in bean) and possible Venezuela, Japan, Malaysia and Bulgaria.〔http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showdpv.php?dpvno=141 〕 Given the fact that PeMoV is seed transmissible in peanut, the virus could occur anywhere peanuts are grown. In the United States, for example, a survey done in 1975 found the virus in all states where peanuts were grown.〔Demski, J. W., Smith, D.H., and Kuhn, C.W. (1975) Incidence and Distribution of Peanut Mottle Virus in Peanut in the United States. Peanut Science 2:91-93.〕 The symptoms of this virus in peanuts appear as irregular dark islands on young leaves. The symptoms are not as clear on older leaves 〔http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/?q=content/peanut-mottle〕〔http://entoplp.okstate.edu/ddd/diseases/peanutmottle.htm〕 and thus can be easily missed even when the virus is in epidemic proportions in the field. An interesting study of the spread of this virus in Georgia showed that the virus moved from infected peanut plants to nearby soybean fields and was only present in soybeans in areas where peanuts were also grown.〔Demski, J.W. (1975) Source and Spread of Peanut Mottle Virus in Soybean and Peanut. Phytopathology 65:917-920〕 Thus, the recommended approach to control this virus in peanuts and other susceptible hosts such as soybean is the planting of PeMoV-free seed. In 2007 PeMoV was reported for the first time to infect Rhizoma peanuts (''A. glabrata'') in Georgia.〔Nischwitz, C., Maas, A.L., Mullis. S.W., Culbreath, A.K. and Gitaitis, R.D. (2007) First Report of Peanut mottle virus in Forage Peanuts (''Arachis glabrata'') in North America, Plant Disease 91:632. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/abs/10.1094/PDIS-91-5-0632A〕 This plant is propagated by cuttings and is a perennial crop. To avoid spread, growers of this perennial plant will have to maintain virus free stock and destroy infected fields. If this virus spreads in perennial peanuts in the Southern USA, this plant could become a reservoir of the virus and increase its spread to field peanut and soybean via aphid transmission. ( See ''Peanut stunt virus'' for a similar scenario) In infected plant cells, the virus makes characteristic potyvirus cylindrical inclusions 〔http://www.freshfromflorida.com/Divisions-Offices/Plant-Industry/Science/Florida-Plant-Viruses-And-Their-Inclusions/Florida-Plant-Viruses-And-Their-Inclusions/Peanut-Mot〕 that are visible in the light microscope with proper staining.〔http://www.freshfromflorida.com/Divisions-Offices/Plant-Industry/Science/Florida-Plant-Viruses-And-Their-Inclusions/Florida-Plant-Viruses-And-Their-Inclusions〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Peanut mottle virus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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